Bipolar Disorder The Diagnostic And Statistical Manual...

In 1957, Karl Leonhard a German psychologist coined the term ‘bipolar’ for those patients with depression that also experienced mania. In 1966, Jules Angst and C. Perris independently demonstrated that unipolar depression disorder could be differentiated in terms of clinical presentation, evolution, family history and therapeutic response. Their ideas stood the test of time and became assimilated in both the two main modern systems of classification for the diagnosis of mental disorder: the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders published by the American Psychiatric Association and the International Classification of Disease published by the World Health Organization (NCBI, 2006). In 1980, the name bipolar disorder was†¦show more content†¦The ICD-10 requires two discrete mood episodes, at least one of which must be manic. In the DSM-IV a single episode of mania or a single episode of hypomania plus a single major depressive episode would warrant a diagnosis of bipolar disorder (NCBI, 2006). Bipolar disorder is characterized by severe changes in mood, thinking, and behavior, from extreme highs to lows. In its most t classic presentation, mania and depression alternate in distinctive episodes that can last anywhere from a few days to a year or more. According to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, patients in manic episodes experience elated, expansive, or irritable mood (Criterion A) with at least three of the following (four if the mood is only irritable): inflated self-esteem (grandiosity), decreased need for sleep; racing thoughts or flight of ideas’ rapid or pressured speech; reckless and impulsive behavior enhanced energy increased goal-directed activity and distractibility (Criterion B) (Craighead Craighead, 2013). There are recent theories that suggest that bipolar disorder is a result of the disruption of neurotransmitters in the brain such as dopamine, serotonin and glutamate. The studies suggest that dopamine function is enhanced during mania and diminished during depression (Cousin, Butts, Young, 2009). Studies also suggest that among people without bipolar disorder, dopaminergic agonists

What is the origin of hip hop lyricism Free Essays

The history of the hip-hop dates back to the 1970s, where people began singing and dancing over strong beats which were sometimes accompanied with spoken words and with great emphasis on the value of lyricism. The love and desire for hip-hop music then became even stronger during the 1980s. By the onset of the eve of 1990s, hip hop became the mainstream of music decorated with ever changing genres and styles which could not be labeled due to the high combination of extreme diversities emanating from different artist. We will write a custom essay sample on What is the origin of hip hop lyricism? or any similar topic only for you Order Now Some from west coast others from the east coast and in between nothing else was seen apart from hip-hop music and culture (Rahn, 2002, 16). The epoch of hip-hop music in 1970s was found with very high original and innovative techniques with DJs in New York highlighting very amazing rhythmic drum breaks and percussion riffs in the popular discos and funks that were played in various clubs. Hip-hop included scratching, rapping, break dancing and graffiti. It was believed that the art of rapping originated from the block parties after the ultra – competitive DJs decided to isolate the percussion breaks from the majority of favorite dances. As a result of this isolation a similar dance began to be observed in Jamaica which was known as dub dance which was composed of elongated percussion breaks (Rahn, 2002, p. 31). Therefore, it is true to believe that hip hop has its roots in the heart of disco . It was a dance that was practically characterized by divisions between detractors of disco music and their fans. Thus the effects of disco led to great transformations in the hip-hop culture and music. The very first original hip hop was literally an example of the disco tenets witnessed from the televised exploration of funky beats to dancing, cloths and corny special effects common with disco dances. At the capital city of United States, the ‘go go’ music also emerged and eventually collaborated with the hip-hop while the electronic dance joined the group creating the house of music based in Chicago. At this point of time the hip hop music developed the club scene. Thus it started realizing the significance of having big names of DJs as a skill towards capturing and drawing larger crowds. The sudden rise of DJs, stirred up the rise and popularity of rap music from the past to the present history. Thus rap music stirred up hip hop expanding and extending the functions of MCs, and DJs. One very significant task attached to the MCs, was to introduce the DJs, on stage together with his/her crew of artists performing together (Flores, 2000, p. 6). The task of entertaining and keeping the audience alert was also a task pledged to the MC. Skillfully and talented MCs filled with cool artistic skills and high charismatic strategies on stage became instrumental to the to the rise and popularity of rap artists and hip-hop music. Thus the history of hip-hop and rap music is founded on the humble beginnings of MCs and DJs together with the rise of break-dancers, rap artists and taggers all oc curring in the New York City. Surprisingly towards the late 1970s, hip-hop music received extraordinary expansion by gaining very high commercial powers when it established its meteoric popular music style in America consequently achieving popularity in the whole world (Alridge, Stewart, 2005, p, 125). In 1990 a sub – genre of rap music emerged known as gangsta rap that caught America by surprise. The organization of the controversial lyrics which were specifically based on sex, street violence, and drugs lured the American youths into its systems and apparently crossed over to capture the socio economic groupings. All along its history hip-hop music has continued to rise till to the present still with very high sense of popularity (Flores, 2000, p. 47). However, its history would be incomplete without teaching the roles of the performers who made it a success. That is the hip hop designers and artisans. Hip-hop music is a composition of artists who and rappers and they typically major on their personal life experiences, social problems occurring around them, important life events and personal stories which they wish to alert the public about. Rap music is also used to signify fictional themes and romanticized editions which are also appealing to the public and they have educative values about a specific group of people. Rap music evolves very strong rhythmic aspects accompanied by soothing spoken lyrics which evoke intense rhythms and intense beats (Rahn, 2002, p. 1128). They a well known for their special adaptive skills and techniques in using poetic strategies which are accompanied by alliterations and simple rhymes. The history of hip-hop music is a kit for preserving culture based the instrumental tracks and beats that have been played by different artists including beats and rhythms which have been collectively sampled from different categories of individuals in the globe. These samples include the well known and popular rock, funk and soul songs played by different artists. Such rhythms and sound are in away integrated synthesized and reinvented with the original indiginoeous twists done by performers (Flores, 2000, p. 7). However, the expansion of hip-hop music was also stirred to a large extend by the concept of minimalism and more specifically the invention of the modern electronic minimalism which brought full transformation replacing the extensive mess of ornamentation which existed in both classical and popular lyrics. This went a had to clearing the palates thus creating room for autobahn which stirred the discovery of the modern rhythms. Hip-hops are composed from different genres (Alridge, Stewart, 2005, p. 1131). such as the west African griots, a group which consists of praise singers and wandering poets, protestants sermons with teachings on spiritual reforms and Christina music, world music that is composed of outstanding traditions and cultures that cut across verities of people and many more driving genres especially borrowed from the Afro – Caribbean entertainments, scat singing and great heroic tales and rhymes. There are two other commonly popular types of hip hops that are currently taking their roots in the world namely, the American Graffiti and the breaking dance. Thus the history of hip-hop music is significantly very influential and it has played a lot in the construction of the present music. How to cite What is the origin of hip hop lyricism?, Papers

Richard Nixon Bibliography free essay sample

Nixon had always attended public schools in fact Nixon attended the Fullerton high school but transferred his Junior year to Whittier high school and graduated near top of his class. Nixon then attended Whittler college from 1930-1934 and graduated 2nd In a class of 85. While In college he was the student body president and then went on to go to Duke university Law School on scholarship. It was soon after the Teapot Dome Scandal, which is several scandals that crushed the reputation of President Warren G. Harding, who served from March 1921 to August 1923 and is often said to be the worst president our country has ever had. At Its core this scandal was about the presidents secretary of the Interior Albert Fall and former Mexico governor taking OLL bribers, In total, Fall received In the anger of $400,000 in cash and gifts from the 011 companies. For the public it was reduced to Fall granting favors to friends who had given him a great deal of money. We will write a custom essay sample on Richard Nixon Bibliography or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page It was after that that Nixon decided he wanted to be a lawyer he told his mother that he would like to become a lawyer an honest lawyer who cant be bought by the crooks, because he knew this was not right. And he became what he said he would an honest lawyer. In the August of 1942, Nixon Joined the navy he started off as a lieutenant Junior grade then rose to lieutenant commander; he served In the Pacific, mainly In Logistics. He then left the navy In January of 946 when the republican party of Whittier asked him to run for congress. Nixon was then asked to join the house of UN-American activities committee. Where he became involved in there campaign against subversion. In 1947 the HUSH began its investigation into the entertainment industry and was responsible for the blacklisting of 320 artists. This and many other cases brought Nixon to the publics attention and In 1952 Dwight Eisenhower chose Richard M. Nixon as his vice president running mate But during the campaign Nixon was accused of receiving $18,235 dollars from private citizens, hill on national TV he accounted for the money and Eisenhower allowed him to stay on the team.They were successful and beat the Democratic Party candidate Dalai Stevenson by 33,936,252 votes to 27,314,922. Of course as with any presidency there were issues one of the big ones happened in October 1 953 when Joseph McCarty began Investigating communist Infiltration Into the military where attempts were made to dishonor Robert Stevens the secretary of the army. Eisenhower was extremely angry and wanted to stop Ancestrys actions so he asked Nixon to attack him.So on the 4th of March, 1954, Nixon made a speech without using Ancestrys name but still making it clear who he was talking about said: Men who have in the past done effective work exposing Communists in this country have, by reckless talk and questionable methods, made themselves the Issue rather than the cause they spokesman where he traveled vastly and impressed many other leaders with his knowledge in foreign affairs. In 1960, After Onions 8 years with Eisenhower he ran for president but lost to John F. Kennedy by only 100,000 votes.So Nixon settled for being a lawyer in Los Angels. A short while later Nixon ran for governor of California and lost, so he then announced that he was retiring from politics. But in 1968 he changed his mind when he won his partys presidential nomination; he then picked Spiro T. Agene as his running mate. Then with much surprise to Nixon himself, he won, he was finally president and in his January 19, 1969 presidents inaugural speech he promised to bring our nation together once more. Another one of Onions promises was to end the Vietnam War.However when they were discussing at the Paris peace conference it was not doing any good so Nixon decided he was going to intensify the war by bombing the National Liberation Front bases in Cambodia. And by 1972 Nixon was convinced that a victory in the Vietnam War was not going to happen and the vice president was beginning to agree when Nixon proposed another option. The other option was for the American troops would retreat from Vietnam in exchange for a cease-fire and the release of 566 American prisoners held captive in Hanoi.This was also agreed that the north and South Vietnam governments would stay in power until a new election was arranged to unite the whole country. The problem with this was that as the US troops were leaving the entry Vietnam troops would stay in their positions in the south so in an effort to put pressure on the Vietnam troops to withdraw Nixon ordered a series of air-raids on Hanoi and Hopping. This bombing was the most extremely intense bombing in world history. Over the course of 11 days 100,000 bombs were dropped on both cities.However the Vietnamese refused to change so in January 1973 Nixon signed the peace plan. Although the bombing was proved to be of great significance with the American public so they now believe that north Vietnam was bombed into submission. Now the most talked about issue pertaining to Mr.. Richard Nixon would probably be his Watergate Scandal. This scandal was a political scandal during the sasss in the US, ultimately leading to Onions resignation and resulting from the fall of the Democratic National Committee (or the principal organization governing the United States Democratic Party on a day to day basis. . With this 5 white house operators were arrested for burglarizing the workplaces of the DON, in the attempt to illegally wiretap the opposition by members of the Republican Party. Later it was revealed that President Nixon had recordings of many conversations about the Watergate issue. The recordings from these tapes implicated that Mr.. Nixon had attempted to cover-up the break-in. Then after a series of court battles Nixon was told to give the tapes up and he ultimately complied. Then facing near-certain impeachment Nixon resigned as president on august 9, 1974.Official being the only president America has had that has resigned that ended in the accusation, trial, and conviction and imprisonment of numerous Nixon administration officials. Also his probably most famous quote would have to be him holding his fingers up like a peace sign saying l am not a crook. After his resignation in 1974 Nixon and his wife returned to their home in San Clement, California. Then he was said to be in isolation in his home for a while suffering sadness and shock. Then in 1974 ford prosecution. Sadly on April 18, 1984 Nixon suffered a severe stroke: while preparing for supper at his Park Ridge New Jersey home. Soon he couldnt move any part of his body and slipped into a deep coma. He passed away with his daughters by his side on April 22, 1994 he passed at the age of 81 . His funeral took place April 27, 1994 where several former presidents attended including Carter, Reagan, Ford, and George H. W Bush and the current president at the time Bill Clinton.

Free Essays on Chinese Infanticide

Infanticide in China Cui Bono: â€Å"†¦ whose interests are involved and who benefits or suffers from existing arrangements† (Robertson 1981). Who benefits? One might analyze this article and believe that it is the government that benefits from this policy. I don’t feel this is the situation. Because we, as Canadians, live in a free and democratic society, it is easy to interpret this article as satisfying and benefiting some sick and sinister government. It is my belief the government may benefit from infanticide in the sense that â€Å"punishments include fines against both the family and the local government, loss of family allowance and medical benefits† (KDC 2000). Obviously there is an economical benefit of this policy. However, I feel it is the entire population of China who ultimately benefits as the reason that this policy was initiated was to take [initiate] â€Å"effective measures to slow down the rapid growth of its population† (KDC 2000). It refers back to supply and demand. Overpopulation could essentially lead to starving of the Chinese people, and therefore, citizens of China would be dying. Lets nip it in the bud now so it doesn’t fully take us over later. In the opinion of a structural functionalist â€Å"most members agree on basic values† (Robertson 1981). I understand this as the members within a certain society tend to agree on specific laws or boundaries and do not oppose or question them because the rest of society has accepted them because the rest of society has accepted them. This seems to be the case in China and the existence of the infanticide policy. Members of Chinese society think it is normal in society because it has been happening for over 30 years and it was initiated â€Å"to ensure that China could feed all its people† (KDC 2000). Infanticide was utilized to control over-populating and to enforce â€Å"China’s one-child policy† (KDC 2000) because â€Å"without taking effective m... Free Essays on Chinese Infanticide Free Essays on Chinese Infanticide Infanticide in China Cui Bono: â€Å"†¦ whose interests are involved and who benefits or suffers from existing arrangements† (Robertson 1981). Who benefits? One might analyze this article and believe that it is the government that benefits from this policy. I don’t feel this is the situation. Because we, as Canadians, live in a free and democratic society, it is easy to interpret this article as satisfying and benefiting some sick and sinister government. It is my belief the government may benefit from infanticide in the sense that â€Å"punishments include fines against both the family and the local government, loss of family allowance and medical benefits† (KDC 2000). Obviously there is an economical benefit of this policy. However, I feel it is the entire population of China who ultimately benefits as the reason that this policy was initiated was to take [initiate] â€Å"effective measures to slow down the rapid growth of its population† (KDC 2000). It refers back to supply and demand. Overpopulation could essentially lead to starving of the Chinese people, and therefore, citizens of China would be dying. Lets nip it in the bud now so it doesn’t fully take us over later. In the opinion of a structural functionalist â€Å"most members agree on basic values† (Robertson 1981). I understand this as the members within a certain society tend to agree on specific laws or boundaries and do not oppose or question them because the rest of society has accepted them because the rest of society has accepted them. This seems to be the case in China and the existence of the infanticide policy. Members of Chinese society think it is normal in society because it has been happening for over 30 years and it was initiated â€Å"to ensure that China could feed all its people† (KDC 2000). Infanticide was utilized to control over-populating and to enforce â€Å"China’s one-child policy† (KDC 2000) because â€Å"without taking effective m...

Battle of Seven Pines in the Civil War

Battle of Seven Pines in the Civil War The Battle of Seven Pines took place May 31, 1862, during the American Civil War (1861-1865) and represented the farthest advance of Major General George B. McClellans 1862 Peninsula Campaign. In the wake of the Confederate victory at the First Battle of Bull Run on July 21, 1861, a series of changes commenced in the Union high command. The following month, McClellan, who had won a series of minor victories in western Virginia was summoned to Washington, DC and tasked with building an army and capturing the Confederate capital at Richmond. Constructing the Army of the Potomac that the summer and fall, he commenced planning his offensive against Richmond for the spring of 1862. To the Peninsula To reach Richmond, McClellan sought to transport his army down the Chesapeake Bay to Union-held Fortress Monroe. From there, it would push up the Peninsula between the James and York Rivers to Richmond. This approach would permit him to flank and avoid General Joseph E. Johnstons forces in northern Virginia. Moving forward in mid-March, McClellan began shifting around 120,000 men to the Peninsula. To oppose the Union advance, Major General John B. Magruder possessed approximately 11,000-13,000 men.   Establishing himself near the old American Revolution battlefield at Yorktown, Magruder built a defensive line running south along the Warwick River and ending at Mulberry Point. This was supported by a second line to the west that passed in front of Williamsburg. Lacking sufficient numbers to fully man the Warwick Line, Magruder used a variety of theatrics to delay McClellan during the Siege of Yorktown.   This allowed Johnston time to move south with the bulk of his army. Reaching the area, Confederate forces swelled to around 57,000. The Union Advance Realizing this amounted to less than half of McClellans command and that the Union commander was planning a large-scale bombardment, Johnston ordered Confederate forces to retreat from the Warwick Line on the night of May 3. Covering his withdrawal with an artillery bombardment, his men slipped away unnoticed.  The Confederate departure was discovered the following morning and an unprepared McClellan directed Brigadier General George Stonemans cavalry and infantry under Brigadier General Edwin V. Sumner to mount a pursuit.   Slowed due to muddy roads, Johnston ordered Major General James Longstreet, whose division was serving as the armys rearguard, to man a section of the Williamsburg defensive line to buy the retreating Confederates time (Map). In the resulting Battle of Williamsburg on May 5, Confederate troops succeeded in delaying the Union pursuit. Moving west, McClellan sent several divisions up the York River by water to Elthams Landing. As Johnston withdrew into the Richmond defenses, Union troops moved up the Pamunkey River and established as series of supply bases. Plans Concentrating his army, McClellan routinely reacted to inaccurate intelligence that led him to believe that he was significantly outnumbered and displayed the cautiousness that would become a hallmark of his career. Bridging the Chickahominy River, his army faced Richmond with about two-thirds of its strength north of the river and one-third to the south. On May 27, Brigadier General Fitz John Porters V Corps engaged the enemy at Hanover Court House. Though a Union victory, the fighting led McClellan to worry about the safety of his right flank and made him hesitant to transfer more troops south of the  Chickahominy.   Across the lines, Johnston, who recognized that his army could not withstand a siege, made plans to attack McClellans forces. Seeing that Brigadier General Samuel P. Heintzelmans III Corps and Brigadier General Erasmus D. Keyes IV Corps were isolated south of the  Chickahominy, he intended to throw two-thirds of his army against them. The remaining third would be used to hold McClellans other corps in place north of the river. Tactical control of the attack was delegated to Major General James Longstreet. Johnstons plan called for Longstreets men to fall upon IV Corps from three directions, destroy it, then move north to crush III Corps against the river.      Armies Commanders: Union Major General George B. McClellanaround 40,000 engaged Confederate General Joseph E. JohnstonGeneral Gustavus W. Smitharound 40,000 engaged A Bad Start Moving forward on May 31, the execution of Johnstons plan went badly from the start, with the assault beginning five hours late and with only a fraction of the intended troops participating. This was due to Longstreet using the wrong road and Major General Benjamin Huger receiving orders that did not give a start time for the attack. In position on time as ordered,  Major General D.H. Hills division waited for their comrades to arrive. A 1:00 PM, Hill took matters in his own hands and advanced his men against Brigadier General Silas Caseys IV Corps division. Hill Attacks Pushing back the Union skirmish lines, Hills men launched assaults against Caseys earthworks to the west of Seven Pines. As Casey called for reinforcements, his inexperienced men fought hard to maintain their position. Ultimately overwhelmed, they fell back to a second line of earthworks at Seven Pines. Requesting aid from Longstreet, Hill received one brigade to support his efforts. With the arrival of these men around 4:40 PM, Hill moved against the second Union line (Map). Attacking, his men encountered the remnants of Caseys division as well as those of Brigadier Generals Darius N. Couch and Philip Kearny (III Corps). In an effort to dislodge the defenders, Hill directed four regiments to attempt to turn IV Corps right flank.   This attack had some success and forced Union troops back to the Williamsburg Road. Union resolve soon stiffened and subsequent assaults were defeated. Johnston Arrives Learning of the fighting, Johnston advanced with four brigades from Brigadier General William H.C. Whitings division. These soon encountered Brigadier General William W. Burns brigade from Brigadier General John Sedgwicks II Corps division and began pushing it back. Learning of the fighting to the south of the Chickahominy, Sumner, commanding II Corps, had commenced moving his men over the rain-swollen river. Engaging the enemy to the north of Fair Oaks Station and Seven Pines, the remainder of Sedgwicks men were able to halt Whiting and inflict heavy losses.       As darkness approached fighting died out along the lines. During this time, Johnston was struck in the right shoulder by a bullet and in the chest by shrapnel. Falling from his horse, he broke two ribs and his right shoulder blade. He was replaced by Major General Gustavus W. Smith as army commander. During the night, Brigadier General Israel B. Richardsons II Corps division arrived and took a place in the center of the Union lines. June 1 The next morning, Smith resumed attacks on the Union line. Beginning around 6:30 AM, two of Hugers brigades, led by Brigadier Generals William Mahone and Lewis Armistead, hit Richardsons lines. Though they had some initial success, the arrival of Brigadier General David B. Birneys brigade ended the threat after fierce fighting. The Confederates fell back and fighting ended around 11:30 AM. Later that day, Confederate President Jefferson Davis arrived at Smiths headquarters. As Smith had been indecisive, bordering on a nervous breakdown, since Johnstons wounding, Davis elected to replace him with his military advisor,  General Robert E. Lee (Map). Aftermath The Battle of Seven Pines cost McClellan 790 killed, 3,594 wounded, and 647 captured/missing. Confederate losses numbered 980 killed, 4,749 wounded, and 405 captured/missing. The battle marked the high point of McClellans Peninsula Campaign and the high casualties shook the Union commanders confidence. In the long term, it had a profound influence upon the war as Johnstons wounding led to the elevation of Lee. An aggressive commander, Lee would lead the Army of Northern Virginia for the remainder of the war and won several key victories over Union forces. For over three weeks after Seven Pines, the Union army sat idle until the fighting was renewed at the Battle of Oak Grove on June 25. The battle marked the beginning of the Seven Days Battles which saw Lee force McClellan away from Richmond and back down the Peninsula.

Newscorp phone-Hacking Speech or Presentation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Newscorp phone-Hacking - Speech or Presentation Example The issue here goes much beyond phone hacking and goes to the question of corporate culture, ethics, privacy, confidentiality and freedom of speech. Journalists are traditionally have a right to investigate and they are expected to report fearlessly. The Pulitzer prize of USA is awarded to such outstanding journalists. However, what Murdoch and his hacks accomplished was not an expose into illegal dealings but an expose into the private sorrow of deceased soldiers and murdered girls. Clearly, News Corp went to a new low. However, some people have also blamed the news hungry public that constantly feeds off the cable television, the Internet and other modern media tools. Realty shows also find high viewership and in such shows, celebrities commit all types of behaviour that should not be actually shown on public TV but which the celebrities want to be shown. In addition, there are crime TV series and other such channels where the blur between acceptable and tasteless footage is very f ineClearly, people place great pressure on the newsmakers, reporters and media houses to deliver and show something new and unique. TV ratings, advertisement revenues, salaries of people and survival of the media channels depends on the ‘eyeballs’ that their content generates. Thus, journalists are under great pressure to deliver what the public wants. News Corp had been hacking phones since 2005 and a large number of people read stories some of which were presumably written using phone hacks. It was only after that the journalists were caught that people were disgusted. Therefore, the audience is also partly to blame for creating a demand for such tasteless stories. 3) Practical and realistic policy recommendation It is clear from the incident of News Corp that ethics, moral responsibility and corporate culture of news media houses is highly questionable. The government is in a very tight position. If it brings in regulations and imposes curbs on what can be published and what cannot, the whole media will revolt and cry out against censorship, forgetting the main issue of phone hacking. At the same time, if the government does not do anything, it is accused of dragging its feet and of being held to ransom by a power media house.

Dissertation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Dissertation - Essay Example In addition, each of the three major articles is assigned three minor literature sources that compare and contrast the main ideas presented in the major articles. These articles are analysed below focusing on their value for achieving the objectives of the proposed study. The first article is that of Siddhanta and Roy (2010). The specific article focuses on the relationship between employee engagement and productivity. The examination and the evaluation of this relationship is one of the study’s objectives. The article has been considered as important for the proposed study because of the following reasons: a) it helps to explore one of the study’s objectives, meaning especially the involvement of employee engagement in enhancing productivity in institutions; b) it presents a thorough analysis of the role of engagement within modern organizations. Also, engagement, as a concept, is explained in the context of its relationship with different aspects of the organization, such as ‘productivity, profitability and customer satisfaction’ (Siddhanta and Roy, 2010, p. 172). In all institutional settings, performance measure is specifically important because it is the direct reflection of what the turnover, output or productivity levels of the institution would be. Again, human resource managers and other leaders of institutions and organisations find it prudent to measure performance because it is the only means by which they can assess whether or not they are having the needed returns made in the investments they make in enhancing human capital. Again as reflected in the topic, employee engagement is a very important means of achieving performance. It is therefore a step in the right direction that an index such as the employee engagement index be used in measuring performance. Once this balance is done, the implication is that there will be the avenue to assess each employee as a singular stakeholder for growth and development for the organ isation. The index could thus be considered effective because it offers individualised assessment on employee performance. Barret (2012) puts forth an argument that sharply disagrees with the notion elucidated by Siddahanta and Roy (2010), which puts much emphasis on short term turnover profitability and productivity as the best way to judge the effectiveness of the employee engagement model. In his opinion, employee engagement should be seen as a medium term or a long term strategic change plan rather than a short term one. To this end, the author strongly hold the view that there are many companies who have failed to realize the essence and individual talents of their employees because they dismiss them after one or two years of engagement with no massive returns on the financial books. Contrary to such an attitude, the writer posits that the whole system of organizational change the leads to fatter turnovers grinds slower and so Siddahanta and Roy (2010) cannot be right in their judgment of the output of employee engagement as short term turnover profitability. On their parts, Stringer (2007) and Ulrich (2004) refuse to welcome the debates of the first two writers whether the debate is taken from a short term basis or from a long term basis. Together, the two new writers hold the idea that as much as employee engagement index could be an excellent way to measure performance it is totally out of place to make financial turnover the major focus of the resulting index. In the